Let’s take a look at the malaria mosquito -mediated, main symptoms and effective treatments. Malaria is an acute thermal infectious disease caused by a female mosquito infected with a parasite called Plasmodium, which is mainly spread by anopheles. When an infected mosquito bite a person, the protozoa in the salivary glands of the mosquitoes is injected into the bloodstream and moves to the liver and infects the red blood cells. Malaria can cause serious complications if proper treatment is not performed, but it can be effectively managed by early diagnosis and appropriate medication.
Malaria mosquitoes/transmission
Malaria is an acute thermal infectious disease that is spread by female mosquitoes infected with plasmodium. Female mosquitoes belonging to the ANOPHELES species are the mediators, and in Korea, the main medium is the Chinese stains. Malaria spreads when an infected mosquitoes in the salivary glands of the mosquitoes when they bite a person. Until the symptoms occur after infection, there are usually a two -week incubation period, and the incubation and symptoms may vary depending on the type of protozoa.
Malaria propagation process
Malaria’s propagation is made through a complex life history between mosquitoes and humans.
- Radio from mosquitoes to humans: A female mosquito infected with malaria protozoes is injected into a human blood flow in the form of sporozoite. This spores move through blood flow to the liver and multiply through silent reproduction. The proliferation of the liver is transformed into a divided body (MEROZOITE), then released into a bloodstream to invade red blood cells. In the process of proliferating and destroying protozoes in red blood cells, the characteristic symptoms of malaria appear, chills, and sweating.
- Radio from humans to mosquitoesIn the blood of an infected person, some divisions develop into spouse cells. When mosquitoes vampire the blood containing this spouse cells, fertilization is made in the mosquito body, and the protoza develops into a spore body and moves to the salivary glands of mosquitoes. When this infected mosquito bites another person, the malaria infection cycle begins again.
Malaria parameter characteristics
Malaria mosquitoes have specific environments and activity patterns.
- Activity time and place: Malaria mediated mosquitoes are mainly active immediately after sunset to sunrise. In Korea, activities are active between April and October, especially in the armistice border area. These mosquitoes are mainly active at night, so be careful when going out at night. In addition, if you sweat, more mosquitoes are attracted, so you should take a shower after outdoor activities.
- Habitat: The bladdering mosquitoes breed mainly in the clean water. The main habitat is the main habitat where there is a stagnant water such as rice fields, ponds, and pools, especially in Korea in rural areas with rice paddies. Because of these environmental characteristics, malaria tends to occur more in rural areas.
Malaria’s guitar propagation path
In addition to mosquito mediations, malaria can spread through other paths.
- Transfusion and organ transplantation: Malaria protoza is parasitic on red blood cells in the blood, which can spread malaria through blood transfusions or organ transplants of infected people. For this reason, people who visit malaria are limited to blood donation for a certain period of time. Medical institutions prevent the radio waves of these paths through strict tests on blood transfusions.
- Congenital infection: Malaria can be spread to the fetus from a very rarely infected mother. This is called congenital malaria and is mainly spread through the placenta. Mothers infected with malaria during pregnancy may increase the risk of premature birth, low weight childbirth, and sausan, so pregnant women in malaria need special attention.
Malaria is not spread by everyday contact, and is not infected with dialogue or physical contact with the infected person. It is important to be careful not to bite mosquitoes to prevent malaria, and to take appropriate prevention drugs when visiting the fashion area. In addition, you need to comply with the precautions for preventing night activities, wearing long sleeves, and using mosquito repellents.
Malaria
Malaria’s first symptoms start to appear after 10-15 days of infected mosquitoes, but in some cases, it may occur after months or more than a year later. In Korea, three -heat malaria occurs, and it occurs mainly when mosquitoes are active between April and October.
Malaria’s main symptoms
The most distinctive symptoms of malaria are periodic fever and chills. These symptoms appear when malaria protoza destroys red blood cells.
- Fever and chills: Malaria appears periodically. First, severe chills last about 30 minutes to 2 hours, and high fever over 39 degrees lasts several hours. Afterwards, as the body temperature drops, severe sweating appears. The heating cycle is different depending on the type of protozoa, and the three -heat malaria is a 48 -hour cycle, and the silver heat malaria appears every 72 hours. Thermal feast of malaria often shows irregular fever.
- Headache and muscle pain: In the early stages of malaria infection, severe headaches and muscle pain may appear. In particular, the pain in the back and leg muscles may be severe, which is due to the inflammatory reactions that occur when the protoza grows in the blood. Headaches are common symptoms in most patients, one of the first symptoms that are recognized with fever.
Digestive and systemic symptoms
Malaria infections can cause a variety of digestive symptoms and systemic symptoms.
- Zone, vomiting, anorexia: Malaria infection is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. This can lead to a decrease in appetite and weight loss. In particular, these symptoms can be worse during the heat of work, and it appears at about 20% of the patient.
- Diarrhea or abdominal pain: Malaria infections may cause digestive symptoms such as diarrhea or abdominal pain. This is because the protozo affects the liver and the spleen. Abdominal pain is mainly on the upper abdomen, and it can be felt by the pressure due to the liver and the spleen.
Hematology abnormalities
Malaria infections can cause a variety of blood scientific abnormalities.
- Platelet: 35%of malaria patients show platelet reduction. This can be an important clue to malaria diagnosis, and most of them are restored to normal after treatment. Blossoming of platelets occurs because it inhibits platelet production or increases platelet destruction.
- Anemia and jaundiceMalaria protozoes destroy red blood cells, causing anemia. In severe cases, jaundice can be seen with yellowing of the white or white eyes of the eye. Anemia is more common in chronic infections, especially in children and pregnant women.
Complications
If proper treatment is not done, malaria can cause serious complications.
- Brain: A serious complication that occurs in the columnar malaria, which causes neurological symptoms such as decrease in consciousness, delicate, coma, and seizures. The brain malaria is an emergency that threatens life, which requires immediate treatment.
- Difficulty breathing and renal failureSevere malaria can cause pulmonary edema and acute breathing difficulty syndrome and can cause renal failure due to deterioration of kidney function. These complications are mainly in the columnar malaria, which can lead to death without proper treatment.
Malaria is a very important disease in early diagnosis and proper treatment. If you have symptoms such as fever, chills, and headaches after visiting Malaria Dangerous Area, you should immediately visit a medical institution and test it. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) can be checked in 15 minutes, and can be cured early.
Malaria
Malaria treatment is a drug that treats acute thermal infectious diseases caused by infected with plasmodium. In the past, quinine, a component of mood or bark, was mainly used, but now various antimalaria drugs are developed and used. Malaria therapy is selected according to the type of protozoa and the drug resistance. Malaria treatment is important for appropriate drug selection and accurate doses, and most of them can be cured when early treatment is done.
Chloroquin drug
Chloroquin and hydroxy chloroquin are drugs that have been used for longer malaria.
- Chloroquine: It interferes with the metabolic process by combining the DNA of Malaria Province to change the structure. It is mainly used for the treatment of 3 days, 4 days, ovary malaria and some columnar malaria. Adults are generally 600 mg on the first day, 300 mg after 6 hours, and 300 mg are administered on the 2nd and 3rd days. However, in many regions, the heat of malaria is restricted from chloroquin, which is limited to use.
- Hydroxychloroquine: It has a mechanism similar to chloroquin and is effective for malaria protoza species that are the same as chloroquin. It is mainly used in areas that are not resistant to chloroquin, and adults take 400 mg per week. Like the chloroquin, in areas where the columnar malaria is popular, use is limited due to resistance.
Meflowquin and Atobakuon-No professional
These drugs are effective in treating chloroquin resistant malaria.
- Mefloquine: 3 days, heat, heat, malaria, combined malaria is used to prevent and treat. In the case of adults, the total capacity is divided into 20-25 mg per kg of weight, divided into 1 or 2-3 times. Patients with more than 45 kg of weight take 1250-1500 mg (5-6 tablets of 250 mg of hydrochloride). However, serious psychiatric side effects may occur, which may be limited to use. In particular, neuropsychiatric side effects such as depression, cramps, and psychosis may occur, which can occur when used for prevention and treatment purposes.
- Atovaquone-ProguanilA: Atobacuon selectively inhibits the mitochondrial action of the protozoa, and proofanil inhibits folic acid synthesis to inhibit nucleic acid and protein synthesis. It is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of columnar malaria. Adults are administered four times a day for three days for three days. For the purpose of prevention, take one tablet once a day for 7 days after returning home from 1 to 2 days before departure.
Artemisinin drug
Artemishin -based drugs are now widely used in malaria treatment throughout the world.
- Artemeter-Artemeter-Lumefantrine: A combination of Artemishin -based drugs and other drugs, used worldwide and preferred in the United States. It is effective for the treatment of malaria without complications, and two drugs are administered together to prevent drug resistance. Artemisinin -based drugs work more quickly than other antimalaria drugs and are usually good tolerated.
- Artesunate: A drug used for the treatment of severe malaria, and is administered as a vein injection to patients who cannot take the drug in oral. Artessuene comes from the Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese herbal medicine, which is extracted from the dog dung. This drug does not stay in the body for a long time, which is used to prevent malaria, but is very effective for treatment.
Malaria treatment is important to choose the appropriate drug depending on the type and resistance pattern of the protozoa. Especially in the case of 3 -day malaria, you need to take an additional 14 days to prevent recurrence after the chloroquin treatment. If you have suspicion of malaria, it is important to immediately visit a medical institution and get accurate diagnosis and treatment.
FAQ
Q: How is malaria spread?
A: Malaria is mainly spread by the infected female stained wings mosquitoes. When mosquitoes bite a person, the protozoa in the mosquito’s salivary glands injects into the blood flow in the form of a spore, and moves to the liver and infects red blood cells. Rarely infected mothers can be infected with fetuses through contaminated blood transfusions, organ transplants, or contaminated needles.
Q: What is the main symptom of malaria?
A: The most distinctive symptom of malaria is periodic fever, chills, sweating. In addition, headaches, muscle pain, systemic fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain may occur. Depending on the type of protozo, the heating cycle is different. Samilalaria has a 48 -hour cycle, and the silver heat malaria has a heat generation every 72 hours. In particular, thermal level malaria can cause serious complications, which can cause delirium, annihilation, seizures, coma, severe breathing problems, and kidney failure.
Q: What drugs are used to treat malaria?
A: Malaria treatment is used in many kinds of drugs. Chloroquin is used to treat 3 days, four -day, and ovational malaria and some heat malaria, but in many areas, columnar malaria protozoes are resistant to chloroquin. Meflowquin, Atobakuon-Pro-Nil, Altesuine-Pyronaridin, etc. are effective in treating chloroquin resistant malaria. Especially in the case of 3 -day malaria, you need to take an additional 14 days to prevent recurrence after the chloroquin treatment.
Q: How to prevent malaria?
A: The core of malaria prevention is to be careful not to be bitten by mosquitoes. When visiting malaria, it is necessary to use mosquito repellents, long sleeve clothes, and mosquito nets. You can also take preventive drugs before visiting malaria dangerous areas. Chloroquin (two weeks before and 8 weeks after returning home), Meflow Queen (for 4 weeks before returning home), Atobakuon-not (7 days before returning home), etc., and the appropriate drugs must be selected according to regional resistance patterns.
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