The Prime Minister’s Meeting is a meeting between the President and the representative of the main opposition party to discuss important national issues and promote cooperation. The secret power is a person who exercises influence informally rather than through the formal power structure, and mainly controls power from behind the scenes. Breakdown refers to a situation in which negotiations are stopped or canceled due to disagreement during a negotiation or meeting. These three concepts play an important role in politics and society, and their meaning and impact are very great.
영수회담(Leaders’ Meeting)
A summit meeting refers to a meeting between the president, the head of the executive branch, and the representative of the main opposition party in the legislative branch. Here, ‘Yeongsu’ is a Chinese character meaning ‘Yeong (領)’ and ‘Sleeve (袖)’, which originally meant collar and sleeve. In ancient China, one’s collar and sleeves were decorated with gold to indicate one’s status, and ‘Yongsu’ came to mean an outstanding person or leader. In this sense, politically, it came to refer to the highest leader of the country.
Historical background and purpose of the summit meeting
The Prime Minister’s Summit is mainly an opportunity to discuss important national issues and promote cooperation, and has played an important role in Korean politics. In the past, it was common for the president to also serve as the president of the ruling party, but this practice has disappeared since President Roh Moo-hyun. However, the summit meeting is still perceived as a meeting between the president and the representative of the main opposition party.
Examples and importance of summit meetings
President Park Chung-hee and New Democratic Party President Kim Young-sam
The summit meeting between President Park Chung-hee and New Democratic Party President Kim Young-sam on May 21, 1975 is a representative example. The meeting opened up an important forum for dialogue at a time of political tension.
President Roh Tae-woo and Peace Democratic Party Chairman Kim Dae-jung
On August 31, 1988, President Roh Tae-woo had a private meeting with Kim Dae-jung, leader of the Peace Democratic Party. This was an important opportunity for political cooperation and led to subsequent multilateral talks.
President Kim Dae-jung and Grand National Party Chairman Lee Hoi-chang
President Kim Dae-jung held seven summit talks with Grand National Party Chairman Lee Hoi-chang in 1998. This remains the record for President Kim Dae-jung having the most summit meetings among all presidents.
Changes and modern meaning of the Presidential Summit
Recently, the format and frequency of summit meetings have been changing. Since the era of President Roh Moo-hyun, the number of summits between leaders has decreased as the president no longer serves as the president of the ruling party, and questions have been raised about the effectiveness of the talks. However, it still serves as a venue for important political dialogue.
Main features of the summit meeting
Advantages:
- Promoting political cooperation: We promote smooth communication and cooperation between the ruling and opposition parties.
- Discussion of important issues: It is an important opportunity to discuss important national issues and seek solutions.
disadvantage:
- Controversy over effectiveness: Sometimes the results of the talks are criticized because they do not bring about substantive changes.
- political availability: There is a possibility that the meeting itself will be used as a political show.
Despite these pros and cons, the summit meeting is still recognized as an important political event and is positioned as a method of resolving national issues through political dialogue.
Secret real power
A secret power refers to a person who exercises great influence unofficially in power structures such as politics and the economy, without going through the official channels of power. They mainly control power behind the scenes and are often not revealed officially. ‘Secret line’ refers to a hidden line, and ‘real power’ refers to actual power. These secret powers can undermine the transparency and credibility of an organization and are often the subject of controversy.
Characteristics and role of the secret power
Those in power exercise enormous influence through their friendship or connections with those in official power. These are often people outside of formal positions of power and have great influence on political and economic decisions. The existence of these unofficial powers can cause a number of problems.
characteristic:
- informal influence exercise: Influences important decisions without being part of formal power structures.
- mastermind: Manipulating those in official power from behind the scenes or assisting in the exercise of power.
- transparency issues: The existence of unofficial powers can harm the transparency and fairness of an organization.
role:
- policy decision: The opinions of those in power are often reflected in the policy-making process.
- human resources management: Affects the appointment and dismissal of key personnel.
- business coordination: Involved in business coordination and contracts for economic benefit.
Example of unofficial taxation
Park Geun-hye administration’s Choi Soon-sil case
During the Park Geun-hye administration, Choi Soon-sil caused great controversy by acting as a secret power. Despite Choi Soon-sil’s lack of an official title, she was found to be deeply involved in revising the president’s speeches, major policy decisions, and personnel matters. This incident led to the impeachment of President Park Geun-hye and became a clear example of the dangers of unofficial power.
Park Geun-hye-Choi Soon-sil Gate:
- Edit your speech: It was revealed that Choi Soon-sil received the president’s speech in advance and modified it.
- policy intervention: Choi Soon-sil’s opinions were reflected in major policies such as welfare and education.
- corporate pressure: It was revealed that foundation contributions were forcibly collected from major corporations.
Lee Myung-bak administration’s Lee Sang-deuk
During the Lee Myung-bak administration, President Lee Myung-bak’s older brother Lee Sang-deuk was suspected of operating as a secret power. Lee Sang-deuk was indicted on charges of interfering in major government decisions without holding an official position and receiving bribes from companies. This incident greatly damaged the credibility of the Lee Myung-bak government.
- Policy-making intervention: It was revealed that Lee Sang-deuk was involved in the government’s major policy-making process.
- Giving or receiving money or valuables: He was indicted on charges of receiving bribes from a company.
- Damage to government credibility: This incident has greatly damaged the government’s credibility.
Impact and problems of non-official power
effect:
- political instability: The existence of unofficial powers can lead to political instability.
- Economic loss: If a non-profit tax intervenes unfairly for economic gain, it may result in economic loss.
- Reduced reliability: The transparency and reliability of the organization may deteriorate, resulting in loss of public trust.
problem:
- corruption and corruption: The existence of unofficial figures can lead to corruption and corruption.
- abuse of power: Exercising influence beyond formal authority can lead to abuse of power.
- damage to fairness: It undermines fairness in the decision-making process and reduces trust in the organization.
The existence of unofficial powers can seriously damage the transparency and fairness of an organization, and institutional mechanisms and monitoring are needed to prevent this. To prevent these problems, it is important to have a transparent decision-making process and clarity of responsibility within the organization.
결렬 (breakdown)
Breakdown refers to a situation in which consultations or negotiations are stopped or canceled due to disagreement in negotiations, dialogue, meetings, etc. Breakdowns occur when differences between negotiating parties cannot be resolved, there is a lack of mutual trust, or there is external pressure. A breakdown represents a failure to resolve a problem and can later worsen the situation or create new conflicts.
Characteristics and consequences of breakdown
Breakdowns can occur for a variety of reasons. Failure to narrow down differences between negotiating parties, lack of trust, external pressure, etc. are usually the causes of breakdown. A breakdown can make the situation worse and result in missed opportunities to resolve the problem.
characteristic:
- disagreement: The differences in opinions between the negotiating parties are not significantly narrowed.
- lack of trust: During the negotiation process, lack of mutual trust makes compromise difficult.
- external pressure: Negotiations may collapse due to pressure or interference from external forces.
result:
- situation worsens: Breakups often make the situation worse and can lead to new conflicts.
- waste of time and resources: If negotiations break down, the time and resources invested are wasted.
- Delay in problem resolution: Breakdowns delay problem resolution and increase associated uncertainty.
Example of a breakdown
North Korea-US summit collapse
The North Korea-US summit is often cited as a prime example of a breakdown. For example, at the second North Korea-US summit held in Hanoi in 2019, negotiations broke down as the United States and North Korea were unable to narrow down their differences over denuclearization and sanctions relief. At this meeting, North Korea requested sanctions relief, but the United States judged that North Korea’s denuclearization measures were not sufficient and the negotiations collapsed.
Hanoi talks collapse:
- disagreement: The two sides’ positions on denuclearization and sanctions relief differed greatly.
- lack of trust: No compromise was reached due to lack of trust between the two countries.
- external pressure: Pressure from the international community also played a role in the breakdown of negotiations.
Korea-Japan trade talks collapse
In the 2019 Korea-Japan trade conflict, Korea and Japan negotiated to ease trade restrictions, but the negotiations collapsed as differences between the two countries could not be resolved. Japan strengthened trade regulations, pointing out Korea’s management problems of strategic materials, and Korea responded by launching a boycott of Japanese products.
Korea-Japan trade talks collapse:
- disagreement: The two countries had different positions regarding the management of strategic materials.
- lack of trust: The lack of trust due to the historical background between the two countries affected the negotiations.
- external pressure: Various interests of the international community interfered in the negotiations.
Effects and Problems of Breakup
effect:
- political instability: A breakdown could lead to political instability.
- Economic loss: The breakdown of negotiations can cause economic losses.
- social conflict: Social conflict may intensify due to a breakdown.
problem:
- loss of trust: A breakdown reduces trust between parties.
- long-term conflict: Broken negotiations can lead to long-term conflict.
- waste of resources: If negotiations break down, the time and resources invested are wasted.
A breakdown can result in a missed opportunity to resolve the issue, and to prevent this, building trust and mutual understanding during the negotiation process is necessary. Even if negotiations break down, continued dialogue and cooperative efforts are important.
FAQ
Q: What is a leadership meeting?
A: The leader meeting is a meeting between the president and the representative of the main opposition party, and is a meeting of important national issues. current issueThis is a place to discuss and promote cooperation. This primarily serves as an opportunity to highlight the importance of political dialogue and cooperation.
Q: What are the characteristics of non-official power?
A: A person in power is a person who exercises influence informally without going through the formal power structure. They control power behind the scenes and influence important decisions without having an official title.
Q: What is the cause of the breakdown?
A: Breakdowns occur due to differences of opinion between negotiating parties, lack of mutual trust, and external pressure. This can lead to a breakdown or breakdown in consultations, worsening the situation or provoking new conflicts.
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