Let’s take a look at the early symptoms of tetanus to vaccination, side effects and treatment. Tetanus is an acute infectious disease caused by neurotoxin produced by tetanus fungi. It invades the body through the wound. If symptoms appear, immediate treatment is required, and proper vaccination can be effectively prevented. Tetanus is a particularly important disease because it is difficult to treat if symptoms are expressed.
Early tetanus symptoms
Tetanus is an acute infectious disease caused by neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. The disease causes toxins produced by the waves proliferated at the wound, which acts on neurons, causing muscle spasms and pain. Wasufunctions are mainly in soil, dust, and feces of animals, and they invade the body through the wound. The incubation of the tetanus generally varies in 3-21 days, but most of them develop within 14 days, and the shorter the incubation period tends to have a poor prognosis.
Early symptoms of tetanus
The initial symptoms of the tetanus begin in the wound and nearby muscles and gradually spread to the whole body.
- Muscle contraction: The early symptoms of the tetanus, the muscles around the wound are stiff and contraction occurs. This is a sign that the toxins produced by wave pung bacteria have begun to affect the nervous system. Patients can feel the discomfort and stiffness around the wound at this stage. This symptom can often be overlooked or confused with other muscle pain.
- Stiffness: When initial symptoms progress, the stiffness of the chin and neck muscles appears. This creates a ‘trismus’ state, making it difficult to open your mouth. The patient is having a hard time chewing or swallowing food, and it is difficult to talk. This symptom is one of the most distinctive initial signs of the tetanus, which is an important clue for the medical staff to suspect the tetanus.
Start of systemic symptoms
After the initial symptoms, the tetanus gradually spreads to the whole body and various symptoms appear.
- Headache and full body fatigue: As the tetanus progresses, the patient feels severe headache and systemic fatigue. This is a sign that neurotoxin has begun to affect the central nervous system. The patient becomes difficult to carry out everyday activities, and even if you take a break, tiredness is not easily resolved. At this stage, fever may be accompanied.
- Difficulty and vocal disorders: The stiffness of the chin and neck muscles becomes worse, making it difficult to say with swallowing food. The patient may be difficult to swallow even liquid, which increases the risk of dehydration. Voice disorders can make your voice change or speak difficult. These symptoms affect the patient’s nutrition and communication skills.
Early symptoms in animals
In animals, especially livestock, livestock, tetanus can occur, and initial symptoms are similar to humans.
- RigidityIn animals, the stiffness of the neck and limbs appears as an initial symptom between 2 and 16 days after tetanus infection. Animals make movement stiff and natural walking. Especially in the case of cows, the ears of ears and the escape of the third and third -eyelid can be observed. These symptoms are important early signs that indicate that animals are infected with tetanus.
- Difficulty and breathing problemsAnimals infected with tetanus have difficulty chewing and swallowing food due to muscle stiffness. This can be observed in the oral cavity, and in severe cases, feeds can be introduced into the airways and the lungs. This can increase the risk of aspirating pneumonia and cause difficulty breathing.
It is very important to recognize the initial symptoms of the tetanus and to get medical treatment immediately. Tetanus is a disease that can cause serious complications and death if proper treatment is not performed. In particular, more attention is needed in the occupational group, which is highly risk of being exposed to wave fungi, such as elderly people, women, and farmers who are not vaccinated. Regular vaccinations and proper treatment are the core of tetanus prevention.
Lausal -style vaccination (injection, side effects)
Tetanus vaccination is mainly conducted as part of the basic vaccination of infants and toddlers. The tetanus vaccination is also provided as a single vaccine, but most of them are inoculated with mixed vaccines (DTAP, TDAP, TD) with diphtheria and hundred days.
Types and vaccinations of tetanus vaccination
Tetanus vaccination is provided in various forms depending on age and inoculation history.
- DTAP vaccine (dipteria-tetanal wind-100 days): A basic vaccination for infants and toddlers, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, and 4-6 years old. This vaccine is a mixed vaccine that prevents diphtheria, tetanus, and hundred days at the same time. The inoculation site is administered as a muscle injection outside the femoral side or the triangle. Completion of the basic vaccination in the infant baby forms immunity to the tetanus, but additional inoculation is required because the immunity decreases over time.
- TDAP vaccine (tetanal wind-diphtheria-hundred days): An additional vaccine for adolescents and adults, and is inoculated once at 11-12 years old. This vaccine is similar to DTAP, but it has less content of diphtheria and hundred days. In adults, if you have never been inoculated with TDAP before, it is recommended to inoculate it with TDAP once instead of TD. In particular, pregnant women are encouraged by 27-36 weeks of pregnancy, which provides a manual immunity to the fetus to the fetus.
Side effects of tetanus vaccination
Like all vaccines, tetanus vaccinations can also cause some side effects.
- Mild side effects: The most common side effects after the tetanus vaccine are pain, redness, and edema in the inoculation site. Such a local reaction occurs in 11-90%of the vaccinator, usually resolved naturally within 1-2 days. In addition, systemic symptoms such as mild fever, fatigue, and headaches may occur, but most of them are light. Such minor side effects are signals that vaccines are inducing an immune response, which can generally be relaxed with nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
- Severe side effects: Rarely serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) may occur, which appears in the frequency of 1-2 out of 100,000. Symptoms include urticaria, swelling of the face and neck, difficulty breathing, fast heartbeat, dizziness, and shock. This reaction usually occurs within 15 minutes after the inoculation, so it is recommended to wait in a medical institution for a certain time after inoculation. In addition, the immune complex reaction (systemic urticaria, joint pain, arthritis, vascular edema, zone, vomiting, fever, boredom) can occur in about 6%of the vaccinator.
Taboo
In some cases, the tetanus vaccination must be postponed or avoided.
- Serious reaction after previous vaccinationIf you have experienced serious allergic reactions or life -threatening reactions after the previous tetanus vaccination, you should avoid additional inoculation. In such cases, you must consult with the medical staff to find a replacement method. In addition, if you have allergies to vaccines, you should avoid inoculation.
- Nervous systemIf you have a Guillain-Barré Syndrome within 7 days of previous vaccination, it is recommended to avoid tetanus vaccine. In addition, if you have symptoms such as severe crying, high fever (40.5 ° C), cramps, and shock that lasts for more than 3 hours within 48 hours of previous vaccination, you should decide whether to be inoculated after consultation with your staff.
Tetanus vaccination is a safe and effective way to prevent serious infectious diseases. Most side effects are minor and temporary, and the risk of serious side effects is much lower than the risk of tetanus infection. It is important to comply with the regular vaccination schedule and to check your tetanus vaccination history when you have a wound and to get additional vaccination if necessary.
Tetanus
Tetanus is an acute infectious disease caused by neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. The disease causes toxins produced by the waves proliferated at the wound, which acts on neurons, causing muscle spasms and pain. Tetanus is an emergency medical situation that requires immediate inpatient treatment, and intensive treatment is often done in the intensive care unit. Tetanus treatment includes several types of drug administration and support therapy, and it can take months to complete recovery.
Tetan -style immunoglobulin (TIG) administration
Water -style immunoglobulin helps to remove toxins that have not yet been combined with neurological tissues.
- Appropriate capacityMedical experts recommend a single capacity TIG of 500 International Unit (IU) to treat tetanus wind. The optimal treatment capacity is uncertain, but this capacity is less effective and less inconvenient as it is as high as 3,000 to 6,000 IU. TIG helps to remove tetanus toxins that are not combined in the body, but it does not affect toxins that are already combined with nerve ends.
- Administration: TIG is administered with muscle injections. TIG preparations available in the United States have not been licensed or manufactured for use in the spinal cavity or intravenous veins. Some medical professionals recommend that you inject a part of the capacity around the wound, but the effect has not been proven.
Muscle spasms
Adjusting muscle spasms, the main symptom of tetanus, is an important part of treatment.
- Sedative and muscle relaxationThe medical staff uses sedatives and muscle relaxants as needed to control muscle spasms. Such drugs help to reduce the inconvenience of the patient and prevent serious complications. In addition, drugs may be required to control autonomic nervous system instability.
- Morphine useMorphine can be used not only to soothing, but also to control the inevitable muscle activity (heartbeat, breathing, etc.). This helps to relieve the pain of the patient and prevent complications from muscle spasms.
Prayer maintenance and breathing support
Patients with tetanus can cause a risk of being blocked by muscle spasms, which may require breathing support.
- Prayer managementThe medical staff monitors the airway openness because relevant muscle spasms can cause prayer loss. Depending on the severity of the disease, the intubation of the organs, or engineering, and mechanical respiratory assistance can be essential for saving life.
- Nutrition: Patients may be difficult to swallow, so nutrition through the gastrointestinal tract is required. To do this, the nutrient tube is inserted into the stomach to supply nutrients.
Wound management and antibiotic treatment
Wound management is an important part of treatment because tetanus fungus enters the body through the wound.
- Wound and removal of necrotic tissue: Clean all the wounds, remove necrosis tissues or perform pergaphic dermis. It also removes foreign substances and observes the wound for signs of infection. Infected wounds should be treated quickly.
- Antibiotic: Proper antibiotics are recommended to reduce the number of tetanus. Antibiotics can be administered by oral or injection, which helps to fight tetanus. Antibiotic treatment is important to prevent more toxins from being produced in the wound.
Tetanus is a serious disease that takes a considerable time to recover even if it is properly treated. The disease takes about two weeks and can take about one month to recover. Since tetanus infection does not provide immunity, vaccination is recommended during recovery. Proper treatment is important for regular vaccinations and wounds to prevent tetanus.
FAQ
Q: What is the early symptoms of tetanus?
A: The initial symptoms of the tetanus begin with the contraction and stiffness of the muscles around the wound. Afterwards, the stiffness of the chin and neck muscles appears, making it difficult to open its mouth because it becomes a ‘trismus’ state. Headaches, full body fatigue, difficulty in swallowing (difficult to swallow), and vocal disorders may appear. The incubation of the tetanus generally varies in 3-21 days, but most of them develop within 14 days, and the shorter the incubation period tends to have a poor prognosis.
Q: How is the tetanus vaccination done?
A: Water -style vaccination is mainly inoculated with a mixed vaccine (DTAP, TDAP, TD) with diphtheria and hundred days. Infants are vaccinated five times in DTAP 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, and 4-6 years, and teenagers are 11-12 years old. Adults are encouraged to have additional TD inoculation every 10 years, and if you have never been inoculated with TDAP before, it is recommended to inoculate it with TDAP once instead of TD. The inoculation site is administered as a muscle injection outside the femoral side or the triangle.
Q: What are the side effects of tetanus vaccination?
A: The most common side effects after tetanus vaccination occurs in 11-90%of the inoculation, such as pain, redness, and edema at the inoculation site. Systemic symptoms such as mild fever, fatigue, and headaches may also occur, but most of them are light. Rarely serious allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) can occur at a frequency of about 1-2 out of 100,000, and if there is a serious reaction after the previous inoculation or allergies in the vaccine component should be avoided.
Q: What treatment is done when you are infected with tetanus?
A: Tetanus treatment is an emergency medical situation that requires immediate inpatient treatment. Treatment is a tetanan -like immunoglobulin (TIG) administration to remove toxins that are not yet binding to neurological tissues, and muscle spasms are adjusted using sedatives and muscle relaxants. In order to maintain the airway and support breathing, an intubation or mechanical respiratory assistance may be required, and antibiotics are performed along with wound cleaning and necrotic tissue removal. Tetanus can take about one month to recover even if it receives proper treatment.
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