Let’s take a look at the symptoms of rubella, prosecutors, pregnancy, and rubella vaccinations. Rawlinks are acute infectious diseases caused by infections caused by lubella viruses, which are generally called ‘three -day measles’ or ‘German measles’. Most of them have minor symptoms, but if the early women are infected, they can cause serious congenital malformations for the fetus, which requires attention. Vaccination can be effectively prevented, especially for women of childbearing age.
Rubella
Rubella is an acute infectious disease caused by infections caused by lubela viruses. In general, it is also called a three -day measles or German measles because it goes through clinical progress similar to measles. Rub movements are mostly slightly symptoms, but if the pregnant woman at the beginning of pregnancy is infected, the fetus may cause congenital malformations, which requires attention. The incubation period is 14-21 days, and after 2-3 weeks after infection, symptoms begin to appear.
Initial symptoms
The initial symptoms of rubella are usually mild, and some patients may have little symptoms.
- Mild fever: Light fever of body temperature is less than 39 ° C (102 ° F). The heat usually lasts for two to three days, and the rash disappears and goes down together. There is a tendency to appear more clearly in adults than children.
- Headache and systemic discomfort: 1-5 days before the rash appears, headaches, boredom, and overall discomfort may occur. These symptoms are more common in adults, and may be slight or no in children.
- Respiratory symptoms: Symptoms such as runny nose, light cough, sore throat can occur. The throat may feel red or tingling, which is one of the precursor symptoms that occur before the rash appears.
Characteristic lymph nodes
One of the most distinctive symptoms of rubella is the species of lymph nodes.
- Lymph node: Pain when the lymph nodes of the head, behind the neck, and the larynx are swollen and touched from the ear, neck, and laryngeal to 10 days before the rash appears. These lymph nodes can last a few weeks and are an important clue to rubella diagnosis. In particular, the lymph nodes on both sides and back of the neck are noticeable.
Rash characteristics
The most prominent symptom of rubella is a characteristic rash.
- The start and progress of the rash: The rash starts with the face and quickly spreads to the torso, arms and legs. The rash appears in the form of pink pink, and unlike measles, it is characterized by irregular or fusion and pigmentation. The rash usually lasts for 1 to 5 days, but usually starts to disappear after three days.
- Rash: The rash tends to disappear in the order of appearing. In other words, it disappears first from the face and is lost in the order of the torso, arms, and legs. As the rash disappears, the epidermis may be slightly eliminated.
Other symptoms
Rawlers can be accompanied by various additional symptoms.
- Eye symptoms: Conjunctivitis may cause redness, itching, and pain in the eyes. The eyes look red like rabbit eyes, which is one of the preliminary symptoms that occur before the rash appears.
- Joint symptoms: Especially in adult women, joint pain and joint edema are common. These symptoms can last for more than two weeks after the rash disappears. Joint pain mainly affects fingers, wrists and knees.
Rub trigger is mostly a mild disease and is naturally restored without special treatment. However, if a woman in the early pregnancy is infected, she may cause serious congenital malformations for the fetus, which requires attention. Since vaccinations can be effectively prevented, MMR vaccination is recommended.
Rawella test/pregnancy
Rawella is generally called ‘three -day measles’ or ‘German measles’, and most of them may have mild symptoms, but if the early women are infected, they can cause serious congenital malformations for their fetus. Because of this risk, rubella tests are recommended as an essential prenatal test for women planning pregnancy. Checking the presence of rubella antibodies before pregnancy and being vaccinated if necessary is an important preparation process for the health of the fetus.
The importance of rubella test
Rawellella is a very important test for women planning pregnancy.
- Congenital malformed prevention: If you are infected with the early pregnancy (especially within 16 weeks), congenital malformations may occur in 30-60%of the fetus. In the early stages of pregnancy, the risk of infection is higher, so in the early stages of pregnancy, 85-90%of the fetus may have congenital rubella syndrome. This inhibits the fetal cell growth of the fetus, which can cause various disorders such as heart deficiency, cataracts, hearing loss, microcephaly, and mental retardation.
- Confirmation of immunity: Rubing tests allow you to see if there are rubella antibodies in the body. In the past, an antibody is formed if it has been suffering from rubella or vaccinated in the past, but the effect of the antibody is limited to 15 to 20 years, so it is recommended to be adults and check again when planning pregnancy. If there is no antibody, you must be vaccinated before pregnancy.
Types and interpretations of rubella tests
Rubella tests are conducted by checking the presence or absence of antibodies through the blood.
- IgG antibody testRubing IgG antibodies show immunity from past infections or vaccinations. If IgG antibodies are positive, they have immunity to rubella and can be assured. This antibody is exposed to the rubella virus and is produced in 12-14 days and lasts for a lifetime. 10 IU/mL is determined to be positive, which means that it has protective immunity to rubella infection.
- IgM antibody test: Rubing IgM antibodies indicate recent infections. If IgM antibodies are positive, it is likely that they have been infected with rubella within the last two to three months. This antibody reaches the highest level in 7-10 days after clinical symptoms, lasting for about 4 weeks. If IgM antibodies are positive during pregnancy, additional tests are required.
Measures according to the test results
Various measures are required depending on the results of the rubella test.
- IgG positive, IgM voiceThis is a normal finding, which has immunity to rubella, so you can safely pregnant. In the past, an antibody has been formed by rubella or vaccination. In this case, no action is required.
- IgG voice, IgM voice: Without immunity to rubella, you should be vaccinated before pregnancy. If you are pregnant, you can’t get vaccinations, so avoid many people and especially in contact with people with rashes. It is recommended to be vaccinated immediately after giving birth.
- IgM positive: There is a possibility of rubella infection recently, so an additional test is required. IgM can be positive even after recent vaccination, so it is necessary to measure tracking and antigen binding (RAI) after two weeks for accurate diagnosis. If the RAI is less than 40%, it means infection within the last three months, and more than 60% means past infection.
Rubpression vaccination
Raw vocational vaccination is mainly inoculated in the form of MMR (measles, attractions, rubella) mixed vaccines. The effect begins after about two weeks after a single inoculation, and immunity is formed in about 95%of people. In countries with high vaccination rates, it is important that more than 80% of people are vaccinated because rubella no longer develops. In particular, the early rural infections of pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome for the fetus.
Target and timing
Rawlvation vaccination varies from time to time and situation depending on age and situation.
- Infant vaccination: MMR vaccine is a first -time inoculation at 12 to 15 months of age, and additional inoculation for all infants. These two vaccinations give most children with enough immunity. When measles are popular, the measles can be inoculated after six months of age, but if you are inoculated before the age of 1, the antibody positron rate is low and the MMR vaccine must be inoculated in 12-15 months.
- Adult vaccination: If there is a laboratory test that there is no vaccination record or immunity among adults born in 1957, you should be inoculated with a dose of vaccine. In particular, women should check the immunity of rubella, regardless of birth, and receive vaccinations if there is no immunity evidence. Born before 1978, women of childbearing age often do not have rubella antibodies, so vaccination is required.
Vaccination taboo
In some situations, rubella vaccines should be avoided.
- pregnancy: In the early stages of pregnancy (within 3 months), MMR, measles, or rubella vaccines should not be inoculated. Since the vaccine is a live vaccine, you should avoid pregnancy for at least three months after inoculation. If you are inoculated by mistake during pregnancy, you must consult a specialist, but you do not necessarily need abortion.
- Immune deficiency: Congenital and Humecheon immunodeficiency syndrome patients, immunosuppressive agents are contraindicated by MMR. If you are receiving systemic immunosuppressive treatment, it is recommended to be vaccinated three months after the end of treatment. Bone marrow transplant patients recommend MMR inoculation after two years after transplantation.
Vaccine effect and safety
Raw vessel vaccines are effective and generally safe.
- Immune formation: One -time live vaccination can lead to lifetime immunity from 98-99%. If you are vaccinated when you are young, most of them will have enough immunity. However, some people may not have antibodies even after vaccinations, which may require additional inoculation.
- side effect: Most of the side effects that can occur after MMR vaccination are mild. Fever, rashes, lymph nodes, joint pain, etc. can occur, and rarely arthritis and platelet reduction may occur. It can be very rare, but the central nervous system adverse events, hypersensitivity, etc. may occur, but the frequency of these serious side effects is much lower than the frequency of complications caused by natural infections.
Inoculation in special situations
In certain situations, there are additional considerations.
- allergyThe MMR vaccine contains trace amounts of neomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, and kanamycin, so when they have experienced anaphylacsis in these antibiotics, the inoculation is taboo. Even if the egg is reacted with the eggs, it will be contraindicated for MMR inoculation. However, allergies in the form of contact dermatitis or penicillin allergies do not correspond to contraindications.
- Immunoglobulin administrationIf you have recently administered immunoglobulin, you need to postpone the inoculation of measles alone or MMR vaccine. This is because immunoglobulin can reduce the effect of the vaccine.
Rubpression vaccinations are not only to protect individual health, but also to protect pregnant women and fetuses. In particular, it is important for women to check their immunity through rubges prior to pregnancy and to be vaccinated if necessary. Rawella vaccinations are safe and effective and the most obvious way to prevent severe congenital malformations.
FAQ
Q: What are the main symptoms of rubella?
A: The main symptoms of rubella begin with mild fever, headache, and systemic discomfort, and are characteristically lymph nodes behind the ear, behind the neck, and laryngeals. The most noticeable symptom is a pink rash that starts with the face and spreads to the torso, arms, and legs. In adults, especially women, joint pain and joint edema may be common.
Q: Why are rubella tests important during pregnancy and what tests do you get?
A: The early pregnancy (especially within 16 weeks) rubella infections can cause congenital malformations such as heart defects, cataracts, and hearing loss in 30-60%of the fetus. The test confirms the IgG antibodies (immunity from past infections or vaccinations) and IgM antibodies (recent infections) through blood. IgG positive is safe because it has immunity, but IgG negative can be careful because there is a risk of infection during pregnancy.
Q: What should I do if a woman in pregnancy doesn’t have a rubella antibody?
A: If a woman in pregnancy does not have a rubella antibody, you should be inoculated with MMR (measles, attractions, rubella) vaccines before pregnancy. The vaccine is made by weakening the living virus, which requires time to form immunity in the body after inoculation, so you should avoid pregnancy for at least one month after inoculation. Since then, rubella vaccinations are contraindicated during pregnancy, so it is recommended to be vaccinated immediately after childbirth.
Q: How should I get a rubella vaccination?
A: Raw vocational vaccination is mainly MMR mixed vaccine, which is first vaccinated at 12 to 15 months of age and secondary vaccination at 4-6 years old. If there is no test result of immunization or immunity among adults, one vaccination is required. In particular, women of childbearing age should check their immunity through antibody tests before pregnancy and be vaccinated if necessary. During pregnancy, the inoculation is contraindicated, and even if there is an allergic to immune deficiencies or certain antibiotics.
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