Let’s take a look at measles, causes, vaccines, and vaccinations. Measles are very contagious viral diseases that are accompanied by a variety of symptoms along with characteristic rashes. You can effectively prevent through proper vaccination, and once you recover, you will get immunity for lifetime. As measles are popular all over the world, the importance of vaccination is emphasized.
Measles symptoms
Measles are very contagious viral diseases that are accompanied by a variety of symptoms along with characteristic rashes. Measles viruses are spread through the infected people’s cough or sneezing through the spread of the air. Symptoms begin to appear after about 10 to 14 days of incubation after infection, and proper vaccination is the most effective preventive method. After recovering from measles, you will be immunity for a lifetime.
Initial symptoms
Early symptoms of measles begin similarly to a common cold.
- High fever: The body temperature rises to the staircase and can rise to 40.5 ° C. The heat is at its peak when the rash is the most severe, and the symptoms are the most severe on the second to three days after the emergence. After that, the heat begins to fall within 24-36 hours.
- Respiratory symptoms: Runny nose, dry cough, and sneeze appear. These symptoms tend to get worse until the rash appears. The cough gradually decreases as the rash begins to disappear.
- Eye symptoms: Blood, tears, and eye pain caused by conjunctivitis. Some patients are sensitive to bright light. This symptom is expressed before the appearance of the Couplic spot.
Characteristic oral symptoms
Symptoms of characteristic oral symptoms with high diagnostic values of measles appear.
- Couplic spot: 1-2 days before the rash appears, small, white or bluish spots in the oral mucosa. It appears mainly on the oral mucosa opposite the first lower teeth, and is lost within 12-18 hours with a small spot of sand. This is a very important indicator for measles diagnosis.
Characteristic rash
The most prominent symptom of measles is the characteristic rash that appears on the whole body.
- Starting: A rash usually appears on the 3rd to 5th day after the initial expression. Behind the ear, the head of the forehead, starting from the face and gradually spreading down. The rash appears in the form of erythrocytic.
- Rash: The rash spreads to the face, neck, and upper body within the first 24 hours, and will spread to the femoral on the second day and the foot on the third day. It is characterized by the loss in the order of the rash. The rash usually lasts for 5-6 days.
- RashThe rash looks like an enriched irregular and flat red area, and sometimes combines each other to form large spots. In general, there is no itching, but it can be itchy of mild. As the rash disappears, it becomes brown and peeled off.
Complications
Measles can cause a variety of complications.
- Respiratory complications: The most common complications occur in about 4%. It can appear in the form of bronchitis, capillary derivatives, crops, bronchial pneumonia. These complications occur well at the time of the rash.
- Ear infection: Acute otitis media can occur in about 2.5%. It is especially common in infants.
- Nervous system: Nervous system complications are more common than other oscillation diseases. Cerebralitis occurs in a ratio of 1 to 2 out of 1,000, and rarely, Gillin-Barre syndrome, half paralysis, and cerebral thrombosis venousitis may appear.
Measles are a disease that can be prevented by vaccination. MMR vaccination can be effectively prevented through 12 to 15 months and 4-6 years old. If you have suspicion of measles, it is important to immediately visit a medical institution and receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Measles causes
Measles have been popular in winter and early spring, but can now occur regardless of season. The frequency of incidence has declined sharply since the introduction of measles vaccines, but it has not been completely eradicated yet.
Virus
The causes of measles are RNA viruses with single strands, voice polarity, and film.
- VirusMeasles is a virus in the Morbillivirus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae. This virus is structurally a single strand of RNA and has a lipid film outside.
- SurvivalMeasles can survive within 2 hours on the atmosphere or surface of the object. During this period, the virus can be infected and can cause infection to a new host. Despite its relatively short survival period, it has high contagious power.
- Host: Humans are known as the only natural host, and other animal storage is not known. However, mountain gorillas are considered to be sensitive to this disease. The only natural host of humans is important for the strategy of measles.
Infection
Measles are a very contagious disease that is mainly spread through the respiratory tract.
- Air propagationMeasles viruses are spread through the infected person’s cough or sneezing through the spread of the air. The infected air can be infected for up to 2 hours, so it can be infected if it was in the same space without direct contact.
- High contagionMeasles are known to be the most contagious among known viruses. More than 90% of people are infected when a person without immunity is in contact with measles. Due to this high contagious force, group immunity is important.
- Transmission period: You can spread until 4 days before the start of the rash. Especially before the rash appears, the contagious power is the strongest. At this time, there are many cases where infected people do not know their condition, so there is a greater risk of radio wave.
Infection mechanism
Measles viruses infiltrate human cells in certain ways, causing infections.
- Cell attachmentThe virus is binded to the receptor of the host cell using the blood cell aggregation (H protein) on the surface. This receptor can be CD46 expressed in all nucleus human cells, CD150 (SLAM) in immune cells, or Nectin-4, a cell attached molecule.
- Cell infiltration: After bonding, the fusion (F) protein foses the virus with the cell membrane to help ultimately enter the cells. Through this process, the viral genome enters the cell.
- Cloning and spreadingViruses in the cells are used to transfer dielectrics using RNA -dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), translated into viral proteins, wrapped in the lipid film of the cells and are released into a new virus. After that, it spreads through the whole body through lymph nodes and blood.
Measles are a disease that can be effectively prevented through vaccination. MMR vaccines (measles, attractions, and rubella mixed vaccines) are first inoculated at 12 to 15 months of age, and secondary inoculation at 4-6 years old can result in more than 95% preventive effect. Understanding the cause of measles and the route of radio wave is essential for establishing an effective preventive strategy.
Measles vaccine/vaccination
Measles are vaccines to prevent measles, mainly in the form of MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) mixed vaccines. Measles are very contagious viral diseases that can effectively prevent through proper vaccination. After vaccination, most people acquire immunity, and if the vaccination rate in the population group is more than 92%, the group immunity can be formed to suppress the occurrence of measles. As measles are now popular all over the world, the importance of vaccinations is emphasized.
Types and effects of measles vaccines
Measles vaccines are mainly inoculated in the form of a mixed vaccine rather than a single vaccine.
- MMR vaccine: Measles, fashionable lowering (sights), mixed vaccines to prevent rubella. It is based on a living but weak measles strain, injected directly under the skin and muscles. This vaccine has a prevention effect of about 93% for one inoculation and 97% at 2 inoculation.
- MMRV vaccine: It is used in some countries in the form of a chickenpox vaccine to MMR. It is convenient to prevent four diseases with one inoculation, but MMR vaccines are mainly used in Korea.
- VaccineThe effect of the vaccine lasts for many years, and in most cases it provides lifelong immunity. However, some studies have raised the possibility of ‘secondary vaccine failure’, which reduces immunity over time.
Measles and targets of measles vaccination
Measles vaccines differ in time and frequency depending on age and situation.
- Infant regular vaccination: In Korea, we recommend the first vaccination at 12 to 15 months of age and secondary vaccination at the age of 4-6. These two vaccinations can get more than 97% of the preventive effect.
- Accelerator: If you travel to an area where measles are popular, you can be inoculated once for 6-11 months of age. However, afterwards, you must complete the regular vaccination at 12 to 15 months and 4-6 years old.
- Adult vaccination: If there is no evidence of immunity to measles since 1967 (if there is no past vaccination record or has never had measles), it is recommended at least once at least once. In particular, from 1968 to 1997, borns are likely to have no immunity to measles, so be careful.
Safety and side effects of measles vaccines
MMR vaccines are mostly safe, but some side effects may occur.
- Mild side effects: Pain, redness, fever, and minor rash of the injection site can occur. It can also occur sometimes occur in the temporary pain and stiffness of the secretary and glands of the cheeks and neck, and the temporary pain and stiffness of the joints, especially for adult women, especially for adult women.
- Rare side effects: Rarely, more severe reactions can occur. These reactions include cramps (often with fever) or temporary platelet reduction. However, the frequency of such serious side effects is much lower than the frequency of complications caused by natural infections.
- Target of inoculation: Pregnant women, immunoes, severe allergic reactions to vaccines should not receive MMR vaccines. In addition, if you have experienced anaphylaxis in antibiotics such as neomycin and streptomycin, you should avoid inoculation.
Measles and group immunity
Measles vaccination plays a role in protecting not only individuals but also society as a whole.
- Group immunity formationIf the vaccination rate in the population is more than 92%, measles will no longer occur. This allows people without immunity indirectly protected. Group immunity was first introduced in 1923 and was recognized as a natural occurrence in the 1930s.
- Protection of vulnerable classes: People with weak immunity, they play an important role in protecting infants or immunopulents who cannot be inoculated with vaccines. Receiving vaccinations means protecting not only you, but also those who are most vulnerable to the possibility of measles.
- Global fashion response: As of 2025, measles are popular all over the world, so it is important to check for vaccinations when traveling abroad. In particular, if there is no vaccination or confirmed, it is recommended to complete the vaccination twice every four to six weeks before departure.
Measles vaccination is an important means of protecting the health of society as well as protecting individual health. Especially when measles are now popular all over the world, it is very important to check your vaccination status and complete the vaccination if necessary. Measibility vaccination is safe and effective, the most obvious way to prevent serious complications.
FAQ
Q: What are the main symptoms of measles?
A: The main symptoms of measles begin with cold -like symptoms such as high fever, cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis. Afterwards, the oral cosmetic point appears, and a characteristic rash that starts on the back and face of the body and spreads throughout the body. The rash usually lasts for 3-5 days and disappears in the order of occurrence.
Q: What are the causes and methods of measles?
A: Measles are caused by the Morville virus belonging to the Paramic Soviet University. It is mainly spread through the infected nasal speech through the cough or sneezing of the infected person, and the infected air can maintain the infectious force for up to 2 hours. If an immunity is in contact with a measles, it is very infectious enough to infect more than 90%.
Q: What kinds of measles are there and when do you have to inoculate?
A: Measles vaccines are mainly inoculated in the form of MMR (measles, attractions, rubella) mixed vaccines. In Korea, we recommend the first vaccination at 12 to 15 months of age, and the secondary vaccination at the age of 4-6, which can result in more than 97% of the preventive effect. Incorporation is required even if there is no immunity among adults, especially for births between 1968 and 1997.
Q: Who is the side effects and contraindications of measles vaccination?
A: Mleeps can cause minor side effects such as pain, redness, fever, and minor rash after measles vaccination. Rarely, severe reactions such as cramps and temporary platelet decrease may occur, but the frequency of occurrence is much lower than the complications of natural infections. Pregnant women, immunoes, severe allergic reactions to vaccines, and anaphylaxis experienced in certain antibiotics must avoid inoculation.
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